Surya Aezowie, young Indian Cyber Security Expert shares his Cyber Security story in this interview with NELOC News
Guest: I am an Indian cyber security expert, trainer, author, mentalist and 24 year old entrepreneur. I am the founder and CEO of Aezowie Infotech Services Private Limited, a company that provides network security, application development and designing services to corporations. At the age of 16, I developed my first computer software for my school, later I was failed in 12th boards but turned out to be successful.
Guest: Right now, the cyber security related business is growing drastically and cyber entrepreneurship is a new source of economic growth and development. I love Cyber security and from childhood I wanted to be like Steve Jobs. He is my motivation. So Cyber Security & Entrepreneurship is a perfect combination for me.
Guest: Most individuals go straight out of college into the cybersecurity field with degrees in computer and information science or other technical degree programs. But my journey began when I developed my first computer software during my school days in class 11th. The next year, I failed in my class 12th Board Exams but that did not deter me as I was buoyed by the success of my software. It’s a long story but in the end I turned out to be a successful owner of my own company.
Guest: These kind of incidents occur not because of account hacking but due to user hacking. In our field, we call it social engineering. See, humans are the weakest point in the cyber world. In this recent case the hackers did not use their access to target any major institutions or infrastructure — only asking for Bitcoin, instead. But the attack concerned security experts because it suggested the hackers could easily have caused far more havoc.
Guest: For me leadership means understanding, motivating and organizing other people to reach a shared goal. Whether you are in a management position or leading a project, leadership skills require you to motivate others, often on schedule, to complete a series of tasks. Leadership is not just one skill but a combination of several different abilities that work together.
Guest: I believe everything is connected and there is no professional or personal work/thing. I just enjoy what I am doing and due to this mindset, things become easier for me.
Guest: Well distributing a virus to others is against the Law. The Computer Misuse Act is the law which covers this area. In the United States also, the distribution of a virus that affects computers used by government or by financial institutions is a federal crime under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. But making a computer virus isn't against the law. However, if that virus spreads deliberately or by mistake to other computers, you have breached the law and you could be held liable for any damages it causes.
Guest: Over the last few years we have seen a drastic change in how individuals and businesses use technology to achieve their objectives. According to a global survey by the Ponemon Institute and IBM Security, the average probability that an organization will experience a data breach has increased to 27.7 percent compared with last year's 25.6 percent. With digital transformation, everything became easier, more accessible and less time consuming but for sure probability of data breach is also increasing with it. I think the best weapon to fight with this is the knowledge and awareness.
Guest: Frankly speaking, it is impossible because the most secure system is the one that is never built. So basically everything is hackable, but it’s depends on how much time, money and resources someone is ready to invest to do so. If you really wanted to make your data 100% safe, you would have to back it up to a hard disk, disconnect it from any computer, put it in a safe, and then bury the safe in an unknown place. Only then could you be rest assured that the information was safe from hackers.
Guest: Most nation’s cyber laws are pretty strong whether you talk about India or any other county but the problem is that our legal system and police force don’t know much about how to deal with cyber criminals. So firstly our governments need to ensure that these people will be well educated about cyber security and related issues. And yes strong international legislations are very much required because in the cyber world there are no boundaries between nations. Within this global cyber security culture, enhancing security and ensuring data protection and privacy while enhancing access and commerce is important.
Read also: Biography of Actress Kehinde Bankole
Guest: I think with an ever-expanding scope, cybersecurity presents the ultimate potential for growth, both in your career path and for opportunities to learn. Practically, cyber security is the field of unlimited growth but to become an expert in this field you need to understand that it is not the certifications or college degree that makes you an expert. Any individual who wants to become a good cybersecurity professional must focus to understand the inner mechanism of technologies and organizations as much as possible. Remember experts persevere and they focus. Security experts are no different.
Peptic ulcer, known as ogbe inu in Yoruba, onya in igbo, and miki in hausa, can be simply defined as sore of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or digestive tract lining, the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine especially. Although the prevalence of peptic ulcer in Nigeria is not exactly known yet, chances are that you know someone or you know someone that knows someone with stomach ulcer, which is the commonest type of peptic ulcer. However, there is still so much misconception around this disease. Let us take a look into some of them.
Having breakfast regularly is a healthy practice, yet skipping breakfast is not the primary cause of ulcer. The stomach normally produces some acidic juices to aid food digestion. The lining of the GIT, however, is protected from the effects of the stomach juices. If these protective mechanisms get compromised, the acids can work on the walls of the digestive tract and ulcerate them. Recent studies have shown that the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, which is introduced into the stomach and intestine through contaminated food and water, and coming in contact with contaminated fluids like saliva, poses a major threat to the integrity of the GIT walls and hence the primary cause of ulcer.
Many believe that eating a lot of peppery and acidic food can make one have peptic ulcer, but that, as far as research is concerned, is incorrect. The only type of food that can lead to the ulceration of your GIT is contaminated food, as earlier discussed. Peptic ulcer patients are advised to stay off spicy, rocky, and highly acidic food not because that was what caused the ulcer, but because their stomach walls are already injured and eating those foods will worsen the pain.
This is a myth you've probably heard more than once. Yet, studies show that peptic ulcer can be cured if diagnosed early and treated properly. The first step in treating ulcer is identifying the cause and getting rid of it. Giving antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori have been proven to be an effective treatment for peptic ulcer. They can be used alongside proton pump blockers, which reduce the amount of stomach acids being secreted. Moreover, a group of drug known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), or simply put, painkillers, like aspirin and ibuprofen, if used regularly, can compromise the integrity of the GIT walls. Desisting from the use of these drugs can therefore be the first step in treating some ulcers. When these treatments begin early, are strictly adhered to and properly followed up, peptic ulcer can be cured, many of the times.
People who eat regularly have lesser chances of having ulcer because whether your stomach is full or empty, it still produces acidic secretions. These secretions tend to work on the stomach walls when there’s no food in the stomach, hence an acidic environment makes the GIT more prone to ulceration. However, this is only a secondary cause of ulcer, as the digestive tract naturally has means of protecting its lining. The primary cause still needs to be taken away. So, overeating does not cure ulcer. It might make the patient feel better for a while. In extreme cases even, overeating can constipate the ulcer patient. This is why people with peptic ulcers are not advised to overeat, but to eat regularly.
Remedy Nwankwo is a professional Nigerian Blogger, Internet Entrepreneur and Lawyer
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Starting your day with a healthy meal when pregnant doesn’t only energize you, and of course your baby, for the day, it has also been observed to reduce the chances of you feeling hungry every single hour of the day, and that’s a good thing. As you continue reading, you’ll come to understand why that’s good, but for now, let’s get a glimpse of what a healthy breakfast should look like. Really, it’s not far-fetched. A healthy breakfast should span across all, or almost all the classes of food. So, you might want to consider easy combinations like bread and egg with home-made orange juice, or moin-moin(bean pudding) and pap/ eko(solid pap), or even your regular fortified cereal with a lot of milk, and then one apple. Any energy-rich, protein-containing, mineral-and-vitamin-including diet works just fine. Make sure you get enough water too. Also, you need to know that skipping breakfast is not a remedy for early-morning nausea. Find food combinations that work for you, instead. You can consider taking ginger tea or pepper-mint tea before having breakfast too, if that works for you.
Some pregnant women are extra careful when it comes to eating because they are afraid of gaining too much weight. Other pregnant women in the bid to “eat for two” would make sure their mouths are busy all day. The danger of the former is that if you don’t eat well enough, your baby won’t get enough nutrient and can end up being underweight, and in extreme scenarios, the baby can die prenatally. Meanwhile, the danger of the later is that both the mother and the baby can become obese, and this can cause complications, and eventually lead to death. The solution, however, is to eat well, but not overeat. Having a healthy breakfast, like I’ve earlier stated, is one way to achieve this. Also, have a healthy lunch and dinner; experts advise that you should consider spreading your lunch, and even dinner, over 2 or 3 servings, rather than eat a large portion at once. Taking a lot of water all through the day helps too and if you ever feel like munching on something else during the day, you might want to consider healthy snacks, which leads us to the next tip.
It’s very possible that even after having a good meal for breakfast and drinking just enough water, you still feel like snacking on something before your next lunch or dinner serving. However, rather than go for junk food that would provide your baby little or no nutrient and would only make both you and your baby gain unnecessary weight, consider healthy snacks. The best and cheapest form of healthy snacks still remain handy fruits like bananas, apples, oranges, watermelons etc. You can try fruit salads too. Youghurt as well has been proven to be a very nutritious snack for pregnant women as it contains fibres, calcium and other vitamins that are necessary for both your health and your baby’s growth. You can also consider other snacks rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals like smoothies, fruit parfaits, fruit-rich cakes, egg scrambles etc.
Every class of food plays a role in the proper growth and development of your baby. From carbohydrates and good fats that supply your baby with energy to proteins and minerals that provide a building block for your baby’s developing organs to even vitamins and water that allows the other nutrients to be properly utilized, your baby needs them all. Since no single food has been found to contain all the nutrients your baby needs, you need to make sure your diet is as varied and balanced as possible, from animal proteins to whole grains to legumes and to even fruits and vegetables. If for any reason, you don't eat some kinds of food, you need to find alternatives to getting the nutrients those food contain, and this might involves creating weekly or monthly meal plans that help you ensure you’re getting an adequate amount of every nutrient your baby needs. Creating the plan with someone, maybe your husband, or a friend could make the process more fun, and if you are particularly allergic to some kinds of food, then you should consider involving your dietician or doctor.
Eating healthy is not just about eating right but also eating clean. While you endeavour to get a healthy breakfast, eat the right proportion of food, take healthy snacks and vary your diet, you also want to make sure that everything you eat is in a proper condition, so as not to compromise your baby’s mmune system and so your baby can get maximum nutrient from every food. Hence, you have make sure your fruits and vegetables are fresh, and avoid stale or pest-infested food. Also, make sure your fruits and food ingredients are properly washed before you use them. In addition, ensure that your food is always properly cooked. Avoid over-cooking vegetables as this can rid them of the water-soluble vitamins B and C. Make sure your meats are thoroughly cooked too. Basically, just make sure you eat clean.
Now, it hasn't only been established that what you eat as a pregnant woman greatly affects the growth and health of your baby, we’ve also looked into ways pregnant women can go about eating healthy without particularly stressing themselves. I hope you take these tips into consideration these tips even as you choose your next breakfast and as you create your next meal plan because the healthier you eat, the healthier your baby.
THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF LAGOS STATE V OJUKWU AND ANOR.
Suit No: SC.241/1985
Before Their Lordships
ANDREWS OTUTU OBASEKI Justice of the Supreme Court
KAYODE ESO Justice of the Supreme Court
MUHAMMADU LAWAL UWAIS Justice of the Supreme Court
SAIDU KAWU Justice of the Supreme Court
CHUKWUDIFU AKUNNE OPUTA Justice of the Supreme Court
The facts of the case are as follows.
On October 10th 1985, Emeka Ojukwu (respondent) made an ex-parte application at the High Court of Lagos state before Omotosho J, he sought an injunction restraining the Military Governor of Lagos state, the Commissioner of Police Lagos state and The Attorney General of Lagos state from ejecting him (Ojukwu) and his family members from No 29 Queens Drive Ikoyi, to which he referred to in his application to the Court as his house.
The interim order which Ojukwu sought from the court was only meant to operate for a specific time pending when the issues before the court would be determined. Ojukwu affixed an affidavit in which he swore before the High Court that the house belonged to his father after whose death he inherited the house.
He further deposed on oath that during the civil war which lasted from 1967-1970 where he led the Biafran army against Nigeria, the house was unoccupied all through the war and although the war ended in 1970 he only came back to Nigeria from exile in 1982 after he had been granted full pardon by the Federal Government of Nigeria. Ojukwu moved back to the house after having paid the sum of ninety thousand naira to the Lagos state government for "expenses incurred by the said government in keeping the house", and also that all members of his family had been residing in the house before the case at hand was instituted before the court.
The trial Judge granted the interim order for injunction on the grounds of his ownership of the house and the looming fears of the government evicting him. The matter then moved to one of notice to the Lagos state government, Ojukwu would then change his words. He now said that the property belonged to Ojukwu Transport Company which was owned by his late father and that the ninety thousand naira was paid to agents who were in charge of the property for the purpose of securing a lease of the property.
The trial judge refused equitable relief of injunction against the Lagos state government on the ground that the property is an abandoned property and that Ojukwu failed to sufficiently prove that he had a legal right to or interest in the said property. In conclusion the learned Trial judge asserted that Ojukwu himself had not come to equity with clean hands.
After this case was decided at the trial court and judgment given an application was made by Ojukwu Transport Company as an interested party in the case asking for leave to appeal against the judgment of the high court and also an application by Ojukwu that he be reinstated at his residence No 29 queens Drive Ikoyi. The court paid attention to the prayer of the appellant and particularly frowned at the fact that the Lagos state government evicted Ojukwu from his residence despite the fact that his application was pending before the Court of Appeal, this action the state government termed "self-help", the court came to the conclusion that the right to self-help ended when the issues came before the court, the court then ordered that Ojukwu be reinstated into the property.
It is noteworthy however to point out that the Lagos state government refused to comply with the order of the court of appeal The order was made on 13th November 1985 and was in the following terms -
(ii) "Pending the determination of the appeal of the applicant against the said decision, against the respondents and in favour of the applicant an order of mandatory injunction restoring the applicant in his residence at No. 29, Queen's Drive, Ikoyi, Lagos, and restraining the respondents and all their officers, servants, agents, and functionaries from evicting or taking any steps to evict the applicant from his residence at No. 29 Queen's Drive, Ikoyi, Lagos."
Rather than comply with the order of the court the Lagos state government appealed on November 22nd to the Supreme Court on the ground that "the remedy of interlocutory injunction is not available for an act which has been carried out and concluded"
Basically what this argument meant was that the act which the interlocutory injunction was sought against had been carried out already by the Government when it made ordered about one hundred and fifty men in arms to evict the appellant, or Or to put 'it in more legal form, carried out as a way to forestall the decision of the Court of Appeal against which an appeal is now being lodged to this Court (Supreme Court) The Lagos state Government then applied to the court of Appeal seeking an order pursuant to section 18 of the court of appeal Act for a Stay of execution of the mandatory injunction granted to Ojukwu.
Kolawole J.C.A. delivering the ruling of the Court of Appeal said inter alia -
"If the appeal of the State Government is successful the respondent can be ejected by due process of law. In this regard Chief Williams has shown magnanimity by offering an undertaking in damages by way of rental income if the State Government is successful in its appeal.
In that regard no stay would be granted. Learned Attorney-General contended before us that as Chief Ojukwu is a trespasser at 29 Queen's Drive Ikoyi, the State Government is not prepared to accept any undertaking in damages in the form of rental income from him."…..
Having regard to the status of irremovability acquired by Ojukwu after the judgment of this Court, it follows that the Lagos State Government is not entitled to a stay of execution because it never made out any special circumstances upon which to grant the stay. (See Keaves v. Dean (1924) 1 K.B. 685 at 686). The prayer for stay of execution is therefore refused and the application is dismissed."
In the same Court, Ademola J.C.A. in a concurring ruling, said- "This Court in an earlier ruling had taken the view that it was wrong to eject the respondent by force under the doctrine of self-help.
The Lagos State Government still failed to comply with the order of the Court of Appeal. And I think it is this dreadful situation that prompted Chief F.R.A. Williams S.A.N. learned counsel for Ojukwu to file his notice of preliminary objection dated 11th December. I have already set out this notice earlier on in this Ruling. We heard the two applications together.
Mr. Adelosoye the learned Solicitor General for the Lagos State pleaded for a restoration of the status quo ante the judgment of the High Court. He said Ojukwu had been in occupation for 10 months before the Lagos State Government got to know of his occupation.
Chief Williams for his part emphasized the deliberate disobedience of the order of the Court of Appeal by the Lagos State Government and that that Government was in contempt of the Court of Appeal.
I think it is a very serious matter for anyone to flout a positive order of a court and proceed to taunt the Court further by seeking a remedy in a higher court while still in contempt of the lower court.
It is more serious when the act of flouting the order of the court, the contempt of the court, is by the Executive. Under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1979, the Executive, the Legislative (while it lasts) and the Judiciary are equal partners in the running of a successful government.
The powers granted by the Constitution to these organs by s.4 (Legislative powers) s.5 (executive powers) and s.6 (judicial powers) are classified under an omnibus umbrella known under Part 11 to the Constitution as "Powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria".
The organs wield those powers and one must never exist in sabotage of the other or else there is chaos. Indeed there will be no federal government. I think, for one organ, and more especially the Executive, which holds all the physical powers, to put up itself in sabotage or deliberate contempt of the other is to stage an executive subversion of the Constitution it is to uphold. Executive lawlessness tantamount to a deliberate violation of the Constitution.
When the Executive is the Military Government which blends both the Executive and the Legislative together and which permits the Judiciary to co-exist with it in the administration of the country, then it is more serious than imagined.
By virtue of the Constitution (Suspension Modification) Decree 1984 No. 1 a good number of the provisions of the Constitution were suspended. Indeed, what was left was what had been permitted by the Federal Military Government to exist.
All the provisions relating to the Judiciary were saved. Section 6 of the Constitution, the most important provision, in so far as the institution known as the Judiciary is concerned, which vests in courts the judicial powers of the Federation was left extant. The Military Government had the power and still has to put an end to the existence of that provision, It has not done so, and that must have been advisedly for it does intend that the rule of law should pervade.
That being the case, it behoves of every organ of the Military Government to make it clear at all times, albeit as the presumption is always that of rule by might of the military, to assume a perennial onus of demonstrating a rebuttal of this onus.
With the contempt of the Court of Appeal by the Applicants still subsisting, it would he inequitable for this Court to give a consideration to the application of the Applicants. Let the Lagos State Government purge itself of this serious contempt, of this apparent violation of the Constitution even as amended by Decree No. 1 of 1984 before coming to seek the favour of the Court.
Another very important matter emanating from the act of the applicants. They have no right to take the matter into their own hands once the court was seized of it. The essence of rule of law is that it should never operate under the rule of force or fear. To use force to effect an act and while under the marshal of that force, seek the court's equity, is an attempt to infuse timidity into court and operate a sabotage of the cherished rule of law. It must never be.
It is for these reasons that I dismissed the application of the applicants- The Military Governor of Lagos State, the Commissioner of Police Lagos State and the Attorney-General Lagos State on 11th December 1985 and so be it. JUSTICE KAYODE ESO J.S.C
Cogent decisions on points of law in the case by the learned Justices of the Supreme Court are affixed below:
OBASEKI J.S.C on The Doctrine of Rule of law
"The Nigerian Constitution is founded on the rule of law the primary meaning of which is that everything must be done according to law. It means also that government should be conducted within the frame-work of recognized rules and principles which restrict discretionary power which Coke colourfully spoke of as 'golden and straight metewand of law as opposed to the uncertain and crooked cord of discretion' More relevant to the case in hand, the rule of law means that disputes as to the legality of acts of government are to be decided by judges who are wholly independent of the executive. See Wade on Administrative Law 5th Edition p. 22-27. That is the position in this country where the judiciary has been made independent of the executive by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1979 as amended by Decree No. 1 of 1984 and No. 17 of 1985. The judiciary cannot shirk its sacred responsibility to the nation to maintain the rule of law. It is both in the interest of the government and all persons in Nigeria. The law should be even handed between the government and citizens."
UWAIS J.S.C.:
I had the advantage of reading in advance the reasons for ruling read by my learned brother Eso, J.S.C. I entirely agree with the reasons given by him. When we dismissed this application on 16th December, 1985, I expressed my concern on the failure of the applicants to comply with the order made by the Court of Appeal that the possession of the house in dispute should be restored to the respondent. I think I should still stress that it is a matter of grave concern that the Military Government of Lagos State should be seen to disregard a lawful order issued by a court of law. If Governments treat court order with levity and contempt the confidence of the citizen in the courts will be seriously eroded and the effect of that will be the beginning of anarchy in replacement of the rule of law. If anyone should be wary of orders of court it is the authorities; for they, more than anyone else, need the application of the rule of law in order to govern properly and effectively. It is for these and the fuller reasons given by my learned brother Eso, J.S.C. that I dismissed the application on 16th December, 1985 with N25.00 costs to the respondent.